- phaenogamous
- Having flowers with stamens and pistils and producing seeds.
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- phanerogam
- A general name for flowering plants.
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- phaneropore
- Superficial stoma.
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- phellem
- A layer of usually suberized cells produced outwardly by a phellogen.
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- phelloderm
- A layer of parenchyma produced inwardly by a phellogen.
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- phellogen (syn. cork cambium)
- A secondary meristem that produces phellem and phelloderm in the periderm of a trunk or stem.
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- phenetic classification
- The grouping of taxa by apparent similarities rather than evolutionary genetics.
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- phenology (adj. phenological)
- The science of the relations between climate and periodic biological phenomena, e.g., the fruiting of plants or the color change of leaves.
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- phenotype
- The morphological, physiological, behavioral, and other outwardly recognizable adaptations of an organism that develop through the interaction of genes and environment. See also: genotype.
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- phenotypic
- Refers to a plant's adaption to surrounding conditions, which are neither stable nor capable of being inherited (genotypic). Such visible changes occur especially where plants are grown in a wide variety of conditions, but will not carry over to different conditions, e.g., red leaves may occur in hot dry areas, but turn green when grown in normal conditions.
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- pheromones
- Chemical substances produced by animals that attract and stimulate sexual partners of the same species.
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- phloem
- The tissue in land plants that conducts organic food material.
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- photic zone
- The upper layers of bodies of water into which sunlight penetrates sufficiently to influence the growth of plants and animals. See also: aphotic zone.
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- photohetrotroph
- Describes an organism using light as a source of energy and organic materials as a carbon source.
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- photomania (adj. photomanic)
- The response of an organism of seeking or growing toward light. See also: phototropism.
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- photomorphogenesis
- The formation and differentiation of tissues and organs controlled by radiant energy, particularly light.
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- photoperiod
- The duration of an organism's daily exposure to light.
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- photoperiodic
- Describes growth affected by exposure to light.
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- photophobia (adj. photophobic)
- The dislike of light, as displayed by bugs that hide under rocks or bats which sleep all day and fly at night. See also: photomania, aphototropism.
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- photophosphorylation
- The synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate that occurs in a plant using radiant energy absorbed during photosynthesis.
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- photosynthesis
- The manufacturing of sugar through the action of sunlight.
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- phototaxis
- The movement of a body toward or away from a light source.
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- phototropism (adj. phototropic)
- Growth or movement toward or away from a light source.
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- phreatophyte
- A plant that can endure inundations of salt, such as cattails, Typha, which can live in estuaries, sieving out the saline molecules of seawater at a cellular level.
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- phyllary
- One of the bracts under the flower head of a plant, especially in Compositae.
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- phylloclade (alt. phylloclad, syn. cladode, adj. phyllocladous)
- A flattened, photosynthetic stem that performs the functions of a leaf, as occurs on some cacti. See also: cladophyll.
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- phyllocladia
- Tiny life-like structures of some lichens.
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- phyllode
- A flat expanded petiole that replaces the blade of a foliage leaf and fulfills the same functions. See also: cladophyll.
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- phyllodium (pl. phyllodia)
- A somewhat dilated petiole having the form of and serving as a leaf blade.
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- phyllopodium
- An outgrowth of the rhizome to which the frond is joined in some ferns.
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- phyllotaxy (alt. phyllotaxis)
- The manner of leaf arrangement on a stem.
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- phylogenetic classification
- The grouping of taxa by genealogical descent; evolution.
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- phylogeny (adj. phylogenetic)
- The evolutionary development of a taxonomic group.
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- phylum
- A major taxonomic grouping in the animal kigdom, ranking just below kingdom and above class. In the plant kingdom, it is usually replaced by the division.
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- physiographic climax
- A pinnacle habitat controlled by the topography of the area; e.g., a forest growing on a north slope and a grassland on the south slope of the same ridge. See also: edaphic climax, biotic climax.
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- phytochemistry (adj. phytochemical)
- The chemistry of plants, plant processes, and plant products.
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- phytochrome clocks
- The coloring processes of plants that change the hues of ripening fruits and cause leaves to change colors with the shortened days of autumn.
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- phytogenesis
- The evolutionary development of plants.
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- phytogenic (syn. phytogenous)
- Having a plant origin, e.g., coal.
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- phytography
- The science of plant description.
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- phytology (adj. phytological)
- The study of plants.
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- phytopathogen
- An agent-causing disease in plants.
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- phytoplankton
- Small, often microscopic, aquatic plants.
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- phytotoxicity (n. phytotoxin, adj. phytotoxic)
- Being poisonous to plants.
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- aerial photograph
- A map-like picture taken of the ground from high in the air, showing roads, fields, and other man-made objects as well as natural features such as rivers.
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- bioluminescence (syn. phosphorescence)
- The emission of light by living organisms such as fireflies and jellyfish.
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- garrigue (syn. phrygana, syn. batha)
- Stony or sandy--often over-grazed--hillsides, similar to maquis, but hotter and drier still.
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- potential Hydrogen (abr. pH)
- A log scale measurement of the acidity/alkalinity of a solution with 1 being extremely acidic, 10 being extremely alkaline, and 7 being neutral. Most plants prefer a soil within a certain range of pH.
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